Day 3 :
Keynote Forum
Jorg Imberger
University of Miami, USA
Keynote: Global warming: Hot air or a real threat with no soultion to be found on internet
Time : 10:00-10:45
Biography:
Jörg Imberger received his PhD from UCB and became Australia’s Youngest Full Professor at 35. His research interest are in environmental engineering as applied
to rivers, lakes, estuaries and coastal seas. Recent foci include strategies for sustaining functionality of aquatic systems in a changing world. He is a Fellow of 10
international academies and the recipient of 30 major honours including the Onassis International Prize, the Stockholm Water Prize and Member of the Order of
Australia. He has published five books, with two in preparation, contributed to 19 books and has published 251 journals papers. Google Scholar credits him with
18,530 citations and an h-Index of 62.
Abstract:
Global warming has been elevated to a religious icon of the devil. This allows us to blame all and sundry on the devil, feel
righteous and do nothing useful. Billions of dollars are being spent annually on the so called global warming problem,
politicians are carrying on about it endlessly, spending taxpayers money, based on their uneducated understanding of the
problem, industry is exploiting the emotional aspects for the benefit of their shareholders and scientists are playing with large
numerical simulations, of dubious usefulness, like kids with new toys. It is time to take stock and put into focus the nature of
the threat that is real under a business as usual scenario. I will start with explaining why the interglacial periodicity is 100,000
years, a new result that seems to have escaped attention. This understanding opens the way for a simple quantification of the
effect of greenhouse gases and a synthesis of solutions to the, so called, global warming threat. I will use Western Australia as
an example, of how the world could become carbon neutral, almost overnight, prosper economically and protect it biodiversity.
The only question, in my own mind is, whether we have the courage to change course and not just follow our tribal leaders
blindly into extinction!
- Hospital Infections| Urinary Tract Infections |Multi Pathogens Infections
Chair
Jorg Imberger
University of Miami, USA
Session Introduction
Prof. Jyotsna Agarwal
King George’s Medical University, India
Title: Genotyping of E. coli associated with community acquired vs. hospital acquired urinary tract infection
Biography:
Jyotsna Agarwal has joined at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow as faculty in April 2002, and is currently working as Professor of Microbiology, In-Charge
Bacteriology Laboratory. She received her MBBS degree from CMC, Vellore and MD in Microbiology from BHU, Varanasi. She is Nodal Officer In-Charge for
regional centre of WHO sponsored diphtheria surveillance project and regional RTI/STI Centre for state of Uttarpradesh. She is working in the field of pathogenesis
of urinary tract infections in women from last eight years. Her other research interests include antimicrobial resistance, molecular diagnostics; focus areas are
infections of children including pneumonia, septicemia and meningitis along with sexually transmitted/reproductive tract infection. She has more than 50 publications
in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for ~90% of community aquired and ~65% of and Hospital acquired Urinary tract
infections (UTIs). We compared genotypic profiles of E. coli strains associated with community acquired cystitis (CA; n=40)
and hospital acquired UTI (HA; n=20) in the present study by analyzing them for phylogroups & 15 putative virulence genes (VGs).
Virulence score was calculated for each isolate as number of virulence genes detected. The bacterial culture and identification were
done using standard conventional methods. 63.2% E.coli isolates associated with HA E. coli isolates belongs to commensal phylogroup
A & B1 in comparision to CA E. coli isolates where 57.5% were from pathotypic phylogroups i.e. B2 & D. Average virulence score was
higher for CA E. coli isolates (4.95) than HA E. coli isolates (4.09). VGs like fimH, papA, kpsMII, fyuA, traT and afa/draBC were more
frequently present in CA E. coli isolates. It may be that other factors like general condition of patients and ease of bacterial entry in to
the body and infection prevention practices play more important role in HA UTI than virulence potential of pathogen itself.
Meiriele S Neves
Londrina State University, Brazil
Title: Antibacterial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles against Salmonella enterica
Biography:
Meiriele S Neves is a PhD student from Londrina State University, Brazil. She has studied about natural antimicrobials against Salmonella enterica. She works with
biological silver nanoparticle obtained from Fusarium oxysporum and oregano oil. This study can help to develop alternatives to control food contamination. Her
interest includes application of AgNPbio in food products and the interaction of this compound with the food.
Abstract:
The increase of resistant strains is a major problem in these days. Researchers are testing new antimicrobials, inclusive compounds
produced by nanotechnology. Salmonella is a genus of bacteria that are a major cause of foodborne illness in the world and
are transmitted through contaminated food. In this study, we tested biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPbio) against
Salmonella enterica. AgNPbio were prepared according to a method by Durán et al., 2005. The AgNPbio diameter and zeta potential were
determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution
assays in 96-well plates, as suggested by CLSI. The in vitro antibacterial activity of AgNPbio was examined against four reference
bacterial strains (ATCC), Staphylococcus aureus 25923, Escherichia coli 25922, Salmonella typhimuirum UK1 and Salmonella
enteritidis 13076, and 19 bacteria isolated from chicken. Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by sub-culturing
10 μL from the broth dilution MIC. The AgNPbio presented the size range 81.25 nm, zeta potential –36.4 mV and PI= 0.296. E. coli
and S. aureus with MIC of 39.4 μM while S. typhimuirum and S. enteritidis showed MIC value of 78.7 μM. Isolates from chicken also
showed sensitivity for AgNPbio with MIC ranged from 78.7 μM to 157.5 μM, and all bacterial strains showed the MBC≤157.5 μM. The
AgNPbio is a great alternative because it was not related to any bacterial strain naturally resistant to silver nanoparticles. Our study
suggests that the use of AgNPbio can be effective against Salmonella enterica strains, an important food pathogen.
Ramos Guillermo Enrique
Buenos Aires University, Argentina
Title: Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis in burn patients: Systematic review
Biography:
Ramos Guillermo Enrique has completed his MD in 1989 from Buenos Aires University. He is specialist in Internal Medicine, Intensive Care and Burn Care
Medicine. He is ICU staff of Argerich Hospital and ICU Chief of Dupuytren Clinic. He was Organizing Committee President of the Argentine Burn Association
Meeting in 2013. He is Professor and Professional Member of Argentine Intensive Care Medicine Society and Argentine Burn Association.
Abstract:
As nosocomial infections in burn patients are prevalent and dangerous, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis has been considered,
beside other interventions. However, this kind of therapy has been questioned due to controversy related to their effectiveness
and complications, such as drug toxicity and development of multidrug-resistance. We reviewed systemic antibiotic prophylaxis
in burn patients considering therapeutic target in different types of populations or procedures. The searching was conducted in
electronic databases during the period 1966-2016. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation of these guidelines are
based on the GRADE system. Nineteen trials met the selection criteria. Early post-burn period prophylaxis was assessed in non
severe burn patients (6 trials), and in severe burn patients (7 trials). Antimicrobial prophylaxis showed no effectiveness for toxic
shock syndrome or burn wound infection prevention (Grade 1C) but could be useful in patients with severe burns and mechanical
ventilation requirement (Grade 2B). Moreover, perioperative prophylaxis was assessed in six trials. Beside, prophylaxis during
resection of devitalized tissue would not have indications in most burn patients (Grade 2B), but there is not enough evidence to
make a recommendation on extensive burns. Finally, it could be used for the prevention of split-thickness skin graft infections in
selected procedures (Grade 2B). We concluded that available evidence does not support the role of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in
the management of the majority of burn patients. Nevertheless, it could be useful in patients with severe burns with requirement for
mechanical ventilation and in selected split-thickness skin grafting.
Cesar Henriquez-Camacho
University Hopsital Foundation Alcorcon, Spain
Title: POCUS: Approach to the patient using point-of-care ultrasound
Biography:
Cesar Henriquez-Camacho is an infectious diseases specialist within the Division of Internal Medicine Unit at Alcorcon Hospital, Madrid-Spain. He completed his
PhD at Universidad Complutense de Madrid and developed a post-doctoral at Uniformed Services University. He has particular interest in the areas of point of care
ultrasound, hospital-acquired infections, HIV, mHealth, and tropical/travel medicine.
Abstract:
Bedside ultrasound evaluation is a simple diagnostic method for infections and can be performed by clinicians promptly at the
bedside, using simple equipment and without irradiation. The discovery of the foci using ultrasound often enables prompt
antimicrobial therapy and even early ultrasound-guided procedure, facilitating earlier microbiology confirmation. These procedures
are made safer using ultrasound by the clinician. Future challenges for an infectious diseases specialist include training and gaining
experience about the appropriate use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS).
Anna LetÃcia Miranda
Universitary Hospital Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Brazil
Title: Results after implementation of a protocol on the incidence of urinary tract infection in an intensive care unit
Biography:
Anna Leticia Miranda Nurse, Student of the Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences for Adult Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Master in Infectious
and Parasitic Diseases(UFMS). Specialist in Cardiology and Hemodynamics(UNIFEV). Specialist for the Training Program in Advanced Heart Failure by the School of Cardiac
Transplantation Hospital Sírio Libanês.
Daiana Terra Nacer, Nurse, Student of the Doctoral Program in Nursing in Adult Health, University of São Paulo(USP), specialist in Adult Intensive Therapy, Emergency and
Emergency and Master in Nursing(UFMS).
Abstract:
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are considered infections which occur after the admission of the patient to
the hospital. Of the HAIs, urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most prevalent, and have the greatest potential for prevention,
due to their relationship with urethral catheterization. Although cases of patients with urinary infection present a lower mortality rate
(0.28%), a notification of an infection rate of 25% to 60%.
Aim & Objective: To compare the results of urinary tract infection incidence, by means of the rate of indwelling urethral catheter
use, and to identify microorganisms in urine cultures before and after the implementation of a clinical protocol for intensive care
unit patients.
Method: UTI is defined as a positive urine culture >105 CFU/mL, notified by the hospital infection control service, six months before
and after the implementation of the protocol. The sample consisted of 47 patients, 28 reported before and 19 after implementation.
The protocol established in the institution is based on the Ministry of Health manual to prevent healthcare related infections.
Results: A negative linear correlation was observed between the later months of implementation and the reduction of reported
cases of UTI, using the Spearman rank order coefficient (p=0.045), and a reduction in the number of urine culture microorganisms
(p=0.026) using the Fisher exact test.
Conclusion: Educational interventions with implementation protocols in health institutions favor the standardization of maintenance
of the invasive devices, which may reduce colonization and subsequent infections
Daiana Terra Nacer
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Br
Title: Results after implementation of a protocol on the incidence of urinary tract infection in an intensive care unit
Biography:
Daiana Terra Nacer Nurse, Student of the Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences for Adult Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Master in Infectious
and Parasitic Diseases(UFMS). Specialist in Cardiology and Hemodynamics(UNIFEV). Specialist for the Training Program in Advanced Heart Failure by the School of Cardiac
Transplantation Hospital Sírio Libanês.
Daiana Terra Nacer, Nurse, Student of the Doctoral Program in Nursing in Adult Health, University of São Paulo(USP), specialist in Adult Intensive Therapy, Emergency and
Emergency and Master in Nursing(UFMS).
Abstract:
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are considered infections which occur after the admission of the patient to
the hospital. Of the HAIs, urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most prevalent, and have the greatest potential for prevention,
due to their relationship with urethral catheterization. Although cases of patients with urinary infection present a lower mortality rate
(0.28%), a notification of an infection rate of 25% to 60%.
Aim & Objective: To compare the results of urinary tract infection incidence, by means of the rate of indwelling urethral catheter
use, and to identify microorganisms in urine cultures before and after the implementation of a clinical protocol for intensive care
unit patients.
Method: UTI is defined as a positive urine culture >105 CFU/mL, notified by the hospital infection control service, six months before
and after the implementation of the protocol. The sample consisted of 47 patients, 28 reported before and 19 after implementation.
The protocol established in the institution is based on the Ministry of Health manual to prevent healthcare related infections.
Results: A negative linear correlation was observed between the later months of implementation and the reduction of reported
cases of UTI, using the Spearman rank order coefficient (p=0.045), and a reduction in the number of urine culture microorganisms
(p=0.026) using the Fisher exact test.
Conclusion: Educational interventions with implementation protocols in health institutions favor the standardization of maintenance
of the invasive devices, which may reduce colonization and subsequent infections